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M9550014.TXT
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1995-03-04
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Document 0014
DOCN M9550014
TI Common neurologic complications of HIV-1 infection and AIDS.
DT 9505
AU Newton HB; Ohio State University Hospitals, Columbus.
SO Am Fam Physician. 1995 Feb 1;51(2):387-98. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/95142007
AB Complications of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may involve any level of the central
or peripheral nervous system. Acute encephalitis, aseptic meningitis and
acute demyelinating polyneuropathy may occur early in the course of HIV
infection, while dementia, central nervous system-related cancer,
opportunistic infections and autonomic neuropathy typically present
later. Headache and mental status changes are common early
manifestations of central nervous system involvement. Most severe
headaches are related to an identifiable cause, including a mass lesion,
opportunistic cerebral infection and medication side effect. Memory
deficits, concentration difficulties and abnormalities on mental status
testing may represent early AIDS dementia complex (HIV encephalopathy),
the most common neurologic complication. In patients with AIDs, the
differential diagnosis of cerebral mass lesions on computed tomography
or magnetic resonance imaging includes cerebral toxoplasmosis,
tuberculous or fungal abscess, focal viral encephalitis, metastatic
resonance imaging includes cerebral toxoplasmosis, tuberculous or fungal
abscess, focal viral encephalitis, metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma and
primary CNS lymphoma. Peripheral neuromuscular disease, including distal
symmetric polyneuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and HIV and chronic
zidovudine myopathy, affects 15 to 40 percent of all persons with HIV
infection or AIDS.
DE Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*COMPLICATIONS AIDS Dementia
Complex/DIAGNOSIS/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY AIDS-Related Opportunistic
Infections/DIAGNOSIS Human HIV Infections/*COMPLICATIONS *HIV-1
Nervous System Diseases/*COMPLICATIONS Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/DIAGNOSIS JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW,
TUTORIAL
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).